Showing posts with label NASA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NASA. Show all posts

Saturday, April 30, 2011

Know 11 Important things about NASA's Voyager Mission NASA Voyager I Space Craft reached at the Edge of our Solar System

Know 11 Important things about NASA's Voyager Mission
NASA Voyager I Space Craft reached at the Edge of our Solar System

1.
The 33-year odyssey of NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft has reached a distant point at the edge of our solar system where there is no outward motion of solar wind.



2.
The Voyagers were built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., which continues to operate both spacecraft.

3.
Our sun gives off a stream of charged particles that form a bubble known as the heliosphere around our solar system. The solar wind travels at supersonic speed until it crosses a shockwave called the termination shock. At this point, the solar wind dramatically slows down and heats up in the heliosheath.

4.
Now hurtling toward interstellar space some 17.4 billion kilometers (10.8 billion miles) from the sun, Voyager 1 has crossed into an area where the velocity of the hot ionized gas, or plasma, emanating directly outward from the sun has slowed to zero. Scientists suspect the solar wind has been turned sideways by the pressure from the interstellar wind in the region between stars.

5.
The event is a major milestone in Voyager 1's passage through the heliosheath, the turbulent outer shell of the sun's sphere of influence, and the spacecraft's upcoming departure from our solar system.

6.
Launched on Sept. 5, 1977, Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock in December 2004 into the heliosheath. Scientists have used data from Voyager 1's Low-Energy Charged Particle Instrument to deduce the solar wind's velocity. When the speed of the charged particles hitting the outward face of Voyager 1 matched the spacecraft's speed, researchers knew that the net outward speed of the solar wind was zero. This occurred in June, when Voyager 1 was about 17 billion kilometers (10.6 billion miles) from the sun.

7.
Both spacecraft are still sending scientific information about their surroundings through NASA's Deep Space Network. A signal from the ground, traveling at the speed of light, takes about 13 hours one way to reach Voyager 2, and 16 hours one way to reach Voyager 1.

8.
The primary five-year mission of the Voyagers included the close-up exploration of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings and the larger moons of the two planets. The mission was extended after a succession of discoveries, and between them, the two spacecraft have explored all the giant outer planets of our solar system -- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, 49 moons, and the systems of rings and magnetic fields those planets possess.

9.
The Golden Record - Both Voyager spacecraft carry recorded messages from Earth on golden phonograph records – 12-inch, gold-plated copper disks. A committee chaired by the late astronomer Carl Sagan selected the contents of the records for NASA. The records are cultural time capsules that the Voyagers carry with them to other star systems. They contain images and natural sounds, spoken greetings in 55 languages and musical selections from different cultures and eras.

10.
The current mission, the Voyager Interstellar Mission, was planned to explore the outermost edge of our solar system and eventually leave our sun's sphere of influence and enter interstellar space – the space between the stars.

11.
Where No Spacecraft Has Gone Before - Voyager 1 has reached a distant point at the edge of our solar system, where the outward motion of solar wind ceases. The event is the latest milestone in Voyager 1's passage through the heliosheath, the outer shell of the sun's sphere of influence, before entering interstellar space. Interstellar space begins at the heliopause, and scientists estimate Voyager 1 will cross this frontier around 2015.

Watch the video Voyager Probe



Reality Views by sm –
Sunday, May 01, 2011

Keyword Tag – Nasa Voyager reach edge of solar system

Source - http://www.nasa.gov

Sunday, April 17, 2011

Quantum Teleportation Successful Scientist send data using Teleportation One step closer to Star Trek Beam Transponder –

Quantum Teleportation Successful Scientist send data using
Teleportation One step closer to Star Trek Beam Transponder –

A team of scientist from Japan and Australia found a way to successfully teleport light particles from one place to another

Researchers teleported the wave packet of lights by using the famed Schrodinger’s cat” theory

The team of scientist from university of Tokyo led by Professor Akira Furusawa
have recently reported a successful attempt at quantum teleportation of a complex quantum system from a certain point A to another point B without losing information



Scientist were able to quickly transfer a complex set of quantum information while preserving its integrity.
The information, in the form of light, was manipulated in such a way that it existed in two states at the same time, and it was destroyed in one spot and recreated in another.
researchers in Australia and Japan were able to transfer quantum information from one place to another without having to physically move

Below is the photo of Device used for Teleportation The setup Noriyuki Lee and colleagues used to teleport quantum light. Science/AAAS



The team, led by researchers at the University of Tokyo, say this is the first-ever teleportation, or transfer, of a particular complex set of quantum information from one point to another.

They say it will make possible high-speed, high-fidelity transmission of large volumes of information, such as quantum encryption keys, via communications networks.

Professor Huntington said that the idea of quantum teleportation has been around for about 10 years, but has been difficult to put into practice.

Instead of using ones and zeroes, quantum computers store data as qubits, which can represent one and zero simultaneously.
This superposition enables the computers to solve multiple problems at once.
The new, faster teleportation process means scientists can move blocks of this quantum information around within a computer or across a network, Huntington said.

Scientist managed to teleport wave packets of light speedily without losing data in a Schrodinger’s cat state.

To understand this one has to first understand the Schrodinger and his Cat, a famous experiment.
In 1934 by Erwin Schrodinger suggested The Schrodinger Cat paradox.

So what is The Schrodinger Cat paradox?
In Schrodinger’s famous thought experiment a cat would be placed in a sealed box with a device containing atomic material.

A Geiger counter was included to measure radiation if at some point an atom decayed. Should that happen, the Geiger counter would trigger the release of cyanide gas, which would kill the cat.

The idea was that it was impossible to know whether or not the cat was alive or dead without opening the box and observing it, and that until that happened, both realities existed.
This became known as superposition.

The concept of superposition is employed in quantum computers.

Superposition is exactly what underlies the power of things like quantum computers.
You enable parallel processing because at the same time it’s a one and a zero.
The point is we’ve managed to teleport it from A to B without the one and the zero getting confused.

The research appears in the journal Science.

Today data is successfully transported
Then tomorrow Beam Transportation of Cars, Animals and finally we Humans
will be reality as Shown in the Television Serial Star Trek.

NASA astrobionics team has already developed a wearable medical monitoring system that could beam the life signs of astronauts -- heart rate, temperature, respiration, oxygen saturation -- to satellites in space and from there to Earth locations.

What was the Star Trek Transporter?
The transporter, which dismantles people and then reconstructs their molecular structure somewhere else


Reality Views by sm –
Sunday, April 17, 2011

Keyword Tags - Scientists teleport Schrodinger's cat light data Japan Australia scientist

Monday, March 28, 2011

Origin of Humans Are we from Mars MIT and Harvard developed instrument will provide the proof

Origin of Humans Are we from Mars MIT and Harvard
developed instrument will provide the proof

According to many planetary scientists all life on Earth is descended from organisms that originated on Mars and were carried here aboard meteorites.

Researchers at MIT and Harvard have developed the instrument which will provide the proof regarding this.

Following facts are already established by the scientist.


1.
In the early days of the solar system, the climates on Mars and the Earth were much more similar than they are now, so life that took hold on one planet could presumably have survived on the other.

2.
An estimated one billion tons of rock have traveled from Mars to Earth, blasted loose by asteroid impacts and then traveling through interplanetary space before striking Earth's surface.

3.
Microbes have been shown to be capable of surviving the initial shock of such an impact, and there is some evidence they could also survive the thousands of years of transit through space before arriving at another planet.


Orbital dynamics show that it's about 100 times easier for rocks to travel from Mars to Earth than the other way.
So if life got started there first, microbes could have been carried here and we might all be its descendants.

In order to detect signs of past or present life on Mars — if it is in fact true that we're related — then a promising strategy would be to search for DNA or RNA, and specifically for particular sequences of these molecules that are nearly universal in all forms of terrestrial life.

That's the strategy being pursued by MIT research scientist Christopher Carr and postdoctoral associate Clarissa Lui, working with Maria Zuber, head of MIT's Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS), and Gary Ruvkun, a molecular biologist at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, who came up with the instrument concept and put together the initial team.
Lui presented a summary of their proposed instrument, called the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Genomes (SETG), at the IEEE Aerospace Conference this month in Big Sky, Mont.

Recent Mars orbiter and rover missions have clearly shown that Mars once had abundant water, and many of the conditions thought to be needed to support life.
And although the surface of Mars today is too cold and dry to support known life forms, there is evidence that liquid water may exist not far below the surface. "On Mars today, the best place to look for life is in the subsurface

The MIT researchers' device would take samples of Martian soil and isolate any living microbes that might be present, or microbial remnants (which can be preserved for about up to a million years and still contain viable DNA), and separate out the genetic material in order to use standard biochemical techniques to analyze their genetic sequences.

the team has been developing a device that could take a sample of Martian soil from below the surface — perhaps dredged up by a rover equipped with a deep drill — and process it to separate out any possible organisms, amplify their DNA or RNA using the same techniques used for forensic DNA testing on Earth, and then use biochemical markers to search for signs of particular, genetic sequences that are nearly universal among all known life forms.

The researchers estimate that it could take two more years to complete the design and testing of a prototype SETG device.
Although the proposed device has not yet been selected for any upcoming Mars mission, a future mission with a lander or rover equipped with a drill could potentially carry this life-detection instrument.

No instrument has been sent to Mars specifically to look for evidence of life since NASA's twin Viking landers in 1976, which produced tantalizing but ambiguous results.

An instrument on the Mars Science Lander to be launched in the fall will investigate chemistry relevant to life. The instrument from the MIT-Harvard team directly addresses Earth-like molecular biology.



Reality views by sm –
Monday, March 28, 2011

Keywords Tags – Humans and Mars, Male and Female both are from mars, Origin of Human, from where Humans came on Earth

Source –
http://web.mit.edu

Thursday, March 17, 2011

Robonaut 2 or R2 First Humanoid robot launched into space – R2 started its work in ISS Know about R2

Robonaut 2 or R2 First Humanoid robot launched into space –
R2 started its work in ISS
Know about R2

Most Important advantage of R2 is that Robonaut can take over simple, repetitive, or especially dangerous tasks on places such as the International Space Station.
Where there will be threat to human life, Robonaut will go that place and will do the job with accuracy.

What is a Robonaut?


A Robonaut is a dexterous humanoid robot built and designed at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
Robonauts will expand our ability for construction and discovery.
There are currently four Robonauts, with others currently in development.

Robonaut 2 or R2, launched to the International Space Station on space shuttle Discovery as part of the STS-133 mission, it is the first dexterous humanoid robot in space, and the first US-built robot at the space station.

Robonaut 2 (R2) is a state of the art highly dexterous anthropomorphic robot.
R2 is capable of handling a wide range of EVA tools and interfaces
R2 is capable of speeds more than four times faster than R1, is more compact, is more dexterous, and includes a deeper and wider range of sensing.
Advanced technology spans the entire R2 system and includes:
1. optimized overlapping dual arm dexterous workspace
2. series elastic joint technology
3. extended finger and thumb travel
4. miniaturized 6-axis load cells
5. redundant force sensing
6. ultra-high speed joint controllers
7. extreme neck travel
8. high resolution camera
9. IR systems.
The dexterity of R2 allows it to use the same tools that astronauts currently use and removes the need for specialized tools just for robots.

On February 24th 2011, NASA launched the first human-like robot to space to become a permanent resident of the International Space Station. Robonaut 2 or R2

And Now R2 started its work.

Astronauts at the International Space Station unpacked Robonaut on Tuesday, 2 1/2 weeks after its arrival via shuttle Discovery. NASA broadcast the humorous unveiling ceremony Wednesday.

Robonaut — R2 — was spotted a minute later in front of a work station.

In a Twitter update, R2 announced: "Check me out. I'm in space!" A NASA employee on the ground posted the tweet.



Photo source –
AP – In this March 15, 2011 photo provided by NASA, astronaut Scott Kelly

The 300-pound R2 consists of a head and a torso with two arms and two hands.

"This project exemplifies the promise that a future generation of robots can have both in space and on Earth, not as replacements for humans but as companions that can carry out key supporting roles," said John Olson, director of NASA's Exploration Systems Integration Office at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "The combined potential of humans and robots is a perfect example of the sum equaling more than the parts. It will allow us to go farther and achieve more than we can probably even imagine today."

The dexterous robot not only looks like a human but also is designed to work like one. With human-like hands and arms, R2 is able to use the same tools station crew members use.

For now, R2 is still a prototype and does not have adequate protection needed to exist outside the space station in the extreme temperatures of space.

R2 will be tested in microgravity and subjected to the station's radiation and electromagnetic interference environments.

The interior operations will provide performance data about how a robot may work side-by-side with astronauts.

As development activities progress on the ground, station crews may be provided hardware and software to update R2 to enable it to do new tasks.

Reality views by sm –
Thursday, March 17, 2011
6.20 pm

Source –
http://robonaut.jsc.nasa.gov

Tuesday, March 8, 2011

NASA, Scientist Rejects Alien Life Bacteria claim made by Scientist Richard Hoovers

NASA, Scientist Rejects Alien Life Bacteria claim made
by Scientist Richard Hoovers

Did a NASA researcher find signs of alien bacteria in meteorites? Colleagues highly doubt it

The gaps and stringy fibers in these space rocks sure look like bacteria, and a NASA researcher has caused a stir with claims that they're fossils of alien life.




Top scientists in different disciplines immediately found pitfalls in a newly published examination of three meteorites that went viral on the Internet over the weekend.
NASA and its top scientists disavowed the work by noon Monday.

"There's a lot of stuff there, but not a lot of science," said Rosie Redfield, a microbiologist at the University of British Columbia, who publicly dissected the paper over the weekend. "I looked at it and shuddered."

The Associated Press talked to a dozen scientists, and none of them agreed with the findings.
There was none of the excitement that surrounded a similar claim that NASA announced with fanfare in 1996 — but was forced to back away from later — that a meteorite from Mars found in Antarctica showed evidence of alien life.

"There has been no one in the scientific community, certainly no one in the meteorite analysis community, that has supported these conclusions," NASA Astrobiology Institute Director Carl Pilcher said Monday of the latest work.

Seth Shostak, an astronomer who searches for intelligent alien life, desperately wanted to believe the reports. But when he read the Hoover study, he ended up disappointed.
"It looks very, very doubtful, which is a shame from several points of view," said Shostak, a senior scientist at the SETI Institute in California. "But that's the way science is. People make claims that often don't hold up. That's the nature of science."

Reality Views by sm –
Tuesday, March 08, 2011

Keywords - Alien Life, Nasa, Nasa Alien Life, Richard Hoover, Richard Hoover Alien, Richard Hoover Alien Life, Richard Hoover Meteorites,

Source –
By SETH BORENSTEIN, AP Science Writer

Tuesday, November 30, 2010

What is Astrobiology? Let’s Understand Astrobiology –

What is Astrobiology? Let’s Understand Astrobiology –

Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.

This multidisciplinary field encompasses the Search for habitable environments in our Solar System and habitable planets outside our Solar System,
The search for evidence of prebiotic chemistry And life on Mars and other bodies in our Solar System, Laboratory and field research into the origins and early evolution of life on Earth, and studies of the potential for life to adapt to challenges on Earth and in space.



NASA and Astrobiology –

The Astrobiology Program is managed by the Planetary Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters.

Mary Voytek is Senior Scientist for Astrobiology in the Planetary Science Division.

The Astrobiology Program is closely coordinated with NASA’s Mars Exploration and Planetary Protection Programs.

NASA established the Astrobiology Program in 1996.
However, NASA studies in the field of exobiology – a predecessor to astrobiology – date back to the beginning of the U.S. space program.

NASA funded its first exobiology project in 1959 and established an Exobiology Program in 1960.
NASA’s Viking missions to Mars, launched in 1976, included three biology experiments designed to look for possible signs of life.

Now exobiology research is an element of the Astrobiology Program.
Exobiology research is now one of four elements of NASA's current Astrobiology Program

In 1971, NASA funded the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) to search radio frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum for signals being transmitted by extraterrestrial life outside the Solar System.

A particular focus of current astrobiology research is the search for life on Mars due to its proximity to Earth and geological history.

In 2011, NASA plans to launch the Mars Science Laboratory rover which will continue the search for past or present life on Mars using a variety of scientific instruments.

The European Space Agency has been developing the ExoMars astrobiology rover, which is to be launched in 2018.

NASA’s Astrobiology Program addresses three fundamental questions:

1. How does life begin and evolve?

2. Is there life beyond Earth and, if so, how can we detect it?

3. What is the future of life on Earth and in the universe?

In striving to answer these questions and improve understanding of biological, planetary, and cosmic phenomena and relationships among them,
Experts in astronomy and astrophysics,
Earth and planetary sciences,
Microbiology and evolutionary biology,
Cosmo chemistry and other relevant disciplines are participating in astrobiology research and helping to advance the enterprise of space exploration.

Accordingly, the discipline of astrobiology embraces the search for potentially inhabited planets beyond our Solar System, the exploration of Mars and the outer planets,
Lab-oratory and field investigations of the origins and early evolution of life, and studies of the potential of life to adapt to future challenges, both on Earth and in space.



Reality views by sm –
Wednesday, December 01, 2010

Wednesday, October 22, 2008

India joins elite club,reaches out to moon .

India joins elite club,reaches out to moon .
Indias first moon mission is worlds 68 moon mission .

Again humans conquar nature and scientist show and make belive nothing is impossible when there is will there is way.keeps hopes and drems burning to reach

where no man has ever reach

The expense break-up of the unmanned rocket - Chandrayaan-1 costing Rs.3.86 billion($78.5 million) * Deep Space Network: Rs.1 billion ($20 million) * Rocket: Rs.1 billion ($20 million) * Payload development: Rs.530 million ($11 million) * Spacecraft bus: Rs.830 million ($17 million) * Scientific data centre, external network support and project management expenses: Rs.500 million ($10 million) Image - Chandrayaan-1, India's maiden lunar mission, sits on the launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

This expense is just 0.1% of Indias yearly budget . Indias many politicians are uneducated, or criminals as per our information minimum 125 indian politicians who are members of parliament are criminals, history sheeters.
history sheeters means a person who does crimes again and again and whose name is recorded in police station many times.
We salute Indian scientist .
Hats off